How to Clear RAM Memory Cache, Buffer and Swap Space on Linux

Clear RAM Memory Cache, Buffer and Swap Space

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Why use huge page?

In virtual memory management, kernel maintains table in which it has mapping of virtual memory address to physical address. For every page transaction, kernel needs to load related mapping. If you have small size pages then you need to load more numbers of pages resulting kernel to load more mapping tables. This decreases performance.

Using huge pages, means you will need fewer pages. This decreases number of mapping tables to load by kernel to great extent. This increases your kernel level performance which ultimately benefits your application.

In short, by enabling huge pages, system has fewer page tables to deal with and hence less overhead to access / maintain them!

How to Clear Cache in Linux?

Every Linux System has three options to clear cache without interrupting any processes or services.

1. Clear PageCache only.

# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

2. Clear dentries and inodes.

# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

3. Clear PageCache, dentries and inodes.

# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 

Explanation of above command.

sync will flush the file system buffer. Command Separated by “;” run sequentially. The shell wait for each command to terminate before executing the next command in the sequence. As mentioned in kernel documentation, writing to drop_cache will clean cache without killing any application/service, command echo is doing the job of writing to file.

If you have to clear the disk cache, the first command is safest in enterprise and production as “...echo 1 > ….” will clear the PageCache only. It is not recommended to use third option above “...echo 3 >” in production until you know what you are doing, as it will clear PageCache, dentries and inodes.

Is it a good idea to free Buffer and Cache in Linux that might be used by Linux Kernel?

When you are applying various settings and want to check, if it is actually implemented specially on I/O-extensive benchmark, then you may need to clear buffer cache. You can drop cache as explained above without rebooting the System i.e., no downtime required.

Linux is designed in such a way that it looks into disk cache before looking onto the disk. If it finds the resource in the cache, then the request doesn’t reach the disk. If we clean the cache, the disk cache will be less useful as the OS will look for the resource on the disk.

Moreover it will also slow the system for a few seconds while the cache is cleaned and every resource required by OS is loaded again in the disk-cache.

Now we will be creating a shell script to auto clear RAM cache daily at 2am via a cron scheduler task. Create a shell script clearcache.sh and add the following lines.

#!/bin/bash
# Note, we are using "echo 3", but it is not recommended in production instead use "echo 1"
echo "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"

Set execute permission on the clearcache.sh file.

# chmod 755 clearcache.sh

Now you may call the script whenever you required to clear ram cache.

Now set a cron to clear RAM cache everyday at 2am. Open crontab for editing.

# crontab -e

Append the below line, save and exit to run it at 2am daily.

0  2  *  *  *  /path/to/clearcache.sh

For more details on how to cron a job you may like to check our article on 11 Cron Scheduling Jobs.

Is it good idea to auto clear RAM cache on production server?

No! it is not. Think of a situation when you have scheduled the script to clear ram cache everyday at 2am. Everyday at 2am the script is executed and it flushes your RAM cache. One day for whatsoever reason, may be more than expected users are online on your website and seeking resource from your server.

At the same time scheduled script run and clears everything in cache. Now all the user are fetching data from disk. It will result in server crash and corrupt the database. So clear ram-cache only when required,and known your foot steps, else you are a Cargo Cult System Administrator.

How to Clear Swap Space in Linux?

If you want to clear Swap space, you may like to run the below command.

# swapoff -a && swapon -a

Also you may add above command to a cron script above, after understanding all the associated risk.

Now we will be combining both above commands into one single command to make a proper script to clear RAM Cache and Swap Space.

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches && swapoff -a && swapon -a && printf '\n%s\n' 'Ram-cache and Swap Cleared'
OR
$ su -c "echo 3 >'/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches' && swapoff -a && swapon -a && printf '\n%s\n' 'Ram-cache and Swap Cleared'" root

After testing both above command, we will run command “free -h” before and after running the script and will check cache.

In short :

FOR RAM : # sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

FOR SWAP : # swapoff -a && swapon -a 

capacity of the RAID-array is calculated

The total capacity of the array is:
(n x cs) - cs = tc

n = number of drives
cs= capacity of the smallest drive
tc = total capacity

So if you have 3 drives, and they are 2x500GB and 1x750GB the total capacity will be:

(3 x 500) - 500 = 1000GB

So the optimal RAID 5 array is formed with drives of the same size.